Microprocessor-8085-LARGEST/SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

Microprocessor-8085-LARGEST/SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

LARGEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

AIM:

                To find the largest element in an array.

ALGORITHM:

1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.
3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
4. Decrement the counter by 1.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content  (next  element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content  (largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue.
8. Decrement the counter by 1.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8, until the counter reaches zero.
10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.

RESULT:

                Thus the largest number in the given array is found out.

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCO DE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPERAND	COMMENTS
8001			LXI	H,8100	Initialize HL reg. to 8100H
8002
8003
8004			MVI	B,04	Initialize B reg with no. of comparisons (n-1)
8005
8006			MOV	A,M	Transfer first data to acc.
8007		LOOP1	INX	H	Increment HL reg.  to point next memory location
8008			CMP	M	Compare M & A
8009			JNC	LOOP	If A is greater than M then go to loop
800A
800B
800C			MOV	A,M	Transfer data from M to A reg
800D		LOOP	DCR	B	Decrement B reg
800E			JNZ	LOOP1	If B is not Zero go to loop1
800F
8010
8011			STA	8105	Store the result in a memory location.
8012
8013
8014			RST 5		Stop the program

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS		DATA
8100		8105
8101
8102
8103
8104

 SMALLEST ELEMENT IN AN ARRAY

AIM:

To find the smallest element in an array.

ALGORITHM:

1. Place all the elements of an array in the consecutive memory locations.
2. Fetch the first element from the memory location and load it in the accumulator.
3. Initialize a counter (register) with the total number of elements in an array.
4. Decrement the counter by 1.
5. Increment the memory pointer to point to the next element.
6. Compare the accumulator content with the memory content  (next  element).
7. If the accumulator content is smaller, then move the memory content  (largest element) to the accumulator. Else continue.
8. Decrement the counter by 1.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8  until the counter reaches zero
10. Store the result (accumulator content) in the specified memory location.

RESULT:

          Thus the smallest number in the given array is found out.

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCODE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPERAND	COMMENTS
8001			LXI	H,8100	Initialize HL reg. to 8100H
8002
8003
8004			MVI	B,04	Initialize B reg with no. of comparisons (n-1)
8005
8006			MOV	A,M	Transfer first data to acc.
8007		LOOP1	INX	H	Increment HL reg.  to point next memory location
8008			CMP	M	Compare M & A
8009			JC	LOOP	If A is lesser than M then go to loop
800A
800B
800C			MOV	A,M	Transfer data from M to A reg
800D		LOOP	DCR	B	Decrement B reg
800E			JNZ	LOOP1	If B is not Zero go to loop1
800F
8010
8011			STA	8105	Store the result in a memory location.
8012
8013
8014			RST 5		Stop the program

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS		DATA
8100		8105
8101
8102
8103
8104

Microprocessor 8085 Lab Cycle:1- 16 BIT-Addition/Subtraction/multiplication/Division Programs

Microprocessor 8085 Lab Cycle:1- 16 BIT-Addition/Subtraction/multiplication/ Division Programs

16 BIT DATA ADDITION

AIM:

            To add two 16-bit numbers stored at consecutive memory locations.

ALGORITHM:

1.      Initialize memory pointer to data location.

2.      Get the first number from memory and store in Register pair.

3.      Get the second number in memory and add it to the Register pair.

4.      Store the sum & carry in separate memory locations.

RESULT:

An ALP program for 16-bit addition was written and executed in 8085mp using special instructions.

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCODE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPERAND	COMMENT
8000		START	LHLD	8050H	Load the augend in HL pair
8001
8002
8003			XCHG		Load augend in DE pair through HL pair.
8004			LHLD	8052H	Load the addend in HL pair
8005
8006
8007			MVI	A, 00H	Initialize reg. A for carry
8008
8009			DAD	D	Add the contents of HL Pair with that of DE pair.
800A			JNC	LOOP	If there is no carry, go to the instruction labeled LOOP.
800B
800C
800D			INR	A	Otherwise increment  register A
800E		LOOP	SHLD	8054H	Store the content of HL Pair in 8054H (LSB of sum)
800F
8010
8011			STA	8056H	Store the carry in 8056H through Acc. (MSB of sum).
8012
8013
8014			RST 5		Stop the program.

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS		DATA
8050H		8054H
8051H		8055H
8052H		8056H
8053H

 

16 BIT DATA SUBTRACTION

AIM:

             To subtract two 16-bit numbers stored at consecutive memory locations.

ALGORITHM:

1.      Initialize memory pointer to data location.

2.      Get the subtrahend from memory and transfer it to register pair.

3.      Get the minuend from memory and store it in another register pair.

4.      Subtract subtrahend from minuend.

5.      Store the difference and borrow in different memory locations.

RESULT:

An ALP program for subtracting two 16-bit numbers was written and executed.

   

  

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCODE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPER AND	COMMENTS
8000		START	MVI	C, 00	Initialize C reg.
8001
8002			LHLD	8050H	Load the subtrahend in DE reg. Pair through HL reg. pair.
8003
8004
8005			XCHG
8006			LHLD	8052H	Load the minuend in HL reg. Pair.
8007
8008
8009			MOV	A, L	Move content of reg. L to Acc.
800A			SUB	E	Subtract the content of  reg. E from that of acc.
800B			MOV	L, A	Move content of Acc. to reg. L
800C			MOV	A, H	Move content of reg. H to Acc.
800D			SBB	D	Subtract content of reg. D with that of Acc.
800E			MOV	H, A	Transfer content of acc. to reg. H
800F			SHLD	8054H	Store the content of HL pair in memory location 8054H.
8010
8011
8012			JNC	NEXT	If there is borrow, go to the instruction labeled NEXT.
8013
8014
8015			INR	C	Increment reg. C
8016		NEXT	MOV	A, C	Transfer the content of reg. C to Acc.
8017			STA	8056H	Store the content of acc. to the memory location 8056H
8018
8019
801A			RST 5		Stop the program execution.

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS		DATA
8050H		8054H
8051H		8055H
8052H		8056H
8053H

16 BIT MULTIPLICATION

AIM:

To multiply two 16 bit numbers and store the result in memory.

ALGORITHM:

1. Get the multiplier and multiplicand.
2. Initialize a register to store partial product.
3. Add multiplicand, multiplier times.
4. Store the result in consecutive memory locations.

RESULT:

16-bit multiplication was done in 8085mp using repeated addition method.

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCODE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPERAND	COMMENTS
8000		START	LHLD	8050	Load the first No. in stack pointer through HL reg. pair
8001
8002
8003			SPHL
8004			LHLD	8052	Load the second No. in HL reg. pair & Exchange with DE reg. pair.
8005
8006
8007			XCHG
8008			LXI	H, 0000H	Clear HL & DE reg. pairs.
8009
800A
800B			LXI	B, 0000H
800C
800D
800E		LOOP	DAD	SP	Add SP with HL pair.
800F			JNC	NEXT	If there is no carry, go to the instruction labeled NEXT
8010
8011
8012			INX	B	Increment BC reg. pair
8013		NEXT	DCX	D	Decrement DE reg. pair.
8014			MOV	A,E	Move the content of reg. E to Acc.
8015			ORA	D	OR Acc. with D reg.
8016			JNZ	LOOP	If there is no zero, go to instruction labeled LOOP
8017
8018
8019			SHLD	8054	Store the content of HL pair inmemory locations 8054 & 4055.
801A
801B
801C			MOV	A, C	Move the content of reg. C to Acc.
801D			STA	8056	Store the content of Acc. in memory location 8056.
801E
801F
8020			MOV	A, B	Move the content of reg. B to Acc.
8021			STA	8057	Store the content of Acc. in memory location 8057.
8022
8023
8024			RST 5		Stop  program execution

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS	DATA
8050		8054
8051		8055
8052		8056
8053		8057

 

 16- BIT DIVISION

AIM:

               

 To divide two 16-bit numbers and store the result in memory using 8085 mnemonics.

ALGORITHM:

1. Get the dividend and divisor.
2. Initialize the register for quotient.
3. Repeatedly subtract divisor from dividend till dividend becomes less than divisor.
4. Count the number of subtraction which equals the quotient.
5. Store the result in memory.

RESULT:

The 16-bit Division was done in 8085mp using repeated subtraction method.

PROGRAM:

ADDRESS	OPCODE	LABEL	MNEMONICS	OPERAND	COMMENTS
8000		START	LHLD	8050	Load the first No. in stack pointer through HL reg. pair
8001
8002
8003			XCHG
8004			LHLD	8052	Load the second No. in HL reg. pair & Exchange with DE reg. pair.
8005
8006
8007			LXI	B, 0000H	Clear BC reg. pair.
8008
8009
800A		LOOP	MOV	A, L	Move the content of reg. L to Acc.
800B			SUB	E	Subtract reg. E from that of Acc.
800C			MOV	L, A	Move the content of Acc to  L.
800D			MOV	A, H	Move the content of reg. H Acc.
800E			SBB	D	Subtract  reg. D from that of Acc.
800F			MOV	H, A	Move the content of Acc to  H.
8010			INX	B	Increment reg.  Pair BC
8011			JNC	LOOP	If there is no carry, go to the location labeled LOOP.
8012
8013
8014			DCX	B	Decrement BC reg. pair.
8015			DAD	D	Add content of HL and DE reg. pairs.
8016			SHLD	8054	Store the content of HL pair in 8054 & 8055.
8017
8018
8019			MOV	A, C	Move the content of reg. C to Acc.
801A			STA	8056	Store the content of Acc. in memory 8056
801B
801C
801D			MOV	A, B	Move the content of reg. B to Acc.
801E			STA	8057	Store the content of Acc. in memory 8057.
801F
8020
8021			RST 5		Stop the program execution.

OBSERVATION:

INPUT		OUTPUT
ADDRESS	DATA	ADDRESS	DATA
8050		8054
8051		8055
8052		8056
8053		8057